Gerund And Present Participle

GERUND OR INFINITIVE?

February 18th, 2010 1-language1 No comments

Part B: GERUND OR INFINITIVE?

B. Verbs where there is a clear difference in meaning:
Verbs marked with an asterisk* can also be followed by a that-clause.

come
forget*
go on

mean*
regret*
remember*

stop
try

Come:

Come + gerund is like other verbs of movement followed by the gerund, and means that the subject is doing something as they move:

She came running across the field.

Come + to-infinitive means that something happens or develops, perhaps outside the subject’s control:

At first I thought he was crazy, but I’ve come to appreciate his sense of humour.
How did you come to be outside the wrong house?
This word has come to mean something quite different.

Forget, regret and remember:

When these verbs are followed by a gerund, the gerund refers to an action that happened earlier:

I remember locking the door (= I remember now, I locked the door earlier)
He regretted speaking so rudely. (= he regretted at some time in the past, he had spoken rudely at some earlier time in the past.)

Forget is frequently used with ‘never’ in the simple future form:

I’ll never forget meeting my boss for the first time.

When these verbs are followed by a to-infinitive, the infinitive refers to an action happening at the same time, or later:

I remembered to lock the door (= I thought about it, then I did it.)
Don’t forget to buy some eggs! (= Please think about it and then do it.)
We regret to announce the late arrival of the 12.45 from Paddington. (= We feel sorry before we tell you this bad news.)

Go on:

Go on + gerund means to continue with an action:

He went on speaking for two hours.
I can’t go on working like this – I’m exhausted.

Go on + to-infinitive means to do the next action, which is often the next stage in a process:

After introducing her proposal, she went on to explain the benefits for the company.
John Smith worked in local government for five years, then went on to become a Member of Parliament.

Mean:

Mean + gerund expresses what the result of an action will be, or what will be necessary:

If you take that job in London it will mean travelling for two hours every day.
We could take the ferry to France, but that will mean spending a night in a hotel.

Mean + to-infinitive expresses an intention or a plan:

Did you mean to dial this number?
I mean to finish this job by the end of the week!
Sorry – I didn’t mean to hurt you.

Stop:

Stop + gerund means to finish an action in progress:

I stopped working for them because the wages were so low.
Stop tickling me!

Stop + to-infinitive means to interrupt an activity in order to do something else, so the infinitive is used to express a purpose:

I stopped to have lunch. (= I was working, or travelling, and I interrupted what I was doing in order to eat.)
It’s difficult to concentrate on what you are doing if you have to stop to answer the phone every five minutes.

Try:

Try + gerund means to experiment with an action that might be a solution to your problem.

If you have problems sleeping, you could try doing some yoga before you go to bed, or you could try drinking some warm milk.
‘I can’t get in touch with Carl.’ ‘Have you tried e-mailing him?’

Try + to-infinitive means to make an effort to do something. It may be something very difficult or even impossible:

The surgeons tried to save his life but he died on the operating table.
We’ll try to phone at 6 o’clock, but it might be hard to find a public telephone.
People have to try to live together in harmony.

feel gerund means earlier
that means order mean action that perhaps them remember
When first will eat
something intention toinfinitive future solution died humour
difficult After across outside meeting purpose

develops will late think that wages same stopped life past

Forget followed something that John next never local thatclause
come
forget
go went field

Come Paddington toinfinitive movement day
live time happening rudely running warm gerund express low
about People minutes

Try
Try means these sense then earlier news

Go interrupted what dial remember gerund cant like action else phone have used hours
toinfinitive continue gerund these telephone
action toinfinitive exhausted

Go went time also remembered gerund government it
tickling impossible

could even regretted stopped speaking forget next Parliament

Mean
Mean tried five necessary

subjects followed toinfinitive something regretted what some Please verbs on
Go form

gerund doing make company
milk
very phone save different

Forget stop remember what thought speaking expresses wrong cant doing action infinitive yoga worked hours this happens often action public hotel

Mean forget means result toinfinitive gerund about spending time

When

GERUND OR INFINITIVE?

February 18th, 2010 1-language1 No comments

GERUND OR INFINITIVE?

The two groups of verbs below can be followed either by the gerund or by the infinitive. Usually this has no effect on the meaning, but with some verbs there is a clear difference in meaning. Verbs marked * can also be followed by a that-clause.

Example: to prefer

I prefer to live in an apartment.
I prefer living in an apartment.

A. Verbs where there is little or no difference in meaning:

allow
attempt
begin
bother
cease
continue

deserve
fear*
hate*
intend*
like
love

neglect
omit
permit
prefer*
recommend*
start

Notes:

1. Allow is used in these two patterns:

a. Allow + object + to-infinitive:

Her parents allowed her to go to the party.

b. Allow + gerund:

Her parents don’t allow smoking in the house.

2. Deserve + gerund is not very common, but is mainly used with passive constructions or where there is a passive meaning:

Your proposals deserve being considered in detail.
These ideas deserve discussing. (= to be discussed).

3. The verbs hate, love, like, prefer are usually followed by a gerund when the meaning is general, and by a to-infinitive when they refer to a particular time or situation. You must always use the to-infinitive with the expressions ‘would love to’, ‘would hate to’, etc.

Compare: